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What is the purpose of a small parts regulation?
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This regulation prevents deaths and injuries to children under three from choking on, inhaling, or swallowing small objects they may “mouth”. It bans toys and other articles that are intended for use by children under three and that are or have small parts, or that produce small parts when broken.
Which products must meet this regulation?
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The regulation covers products that are intended for use by children under three. These products include a wide range of articles such as toys, dolls, and puzzles, nursery equipment, infant furniture and equipment such as playpens, strollers, and baby bouncers and exercisers. See 16 C.F.R. Part 1501.2 for a more detailed list.
What is a small part?
A small part is any object that fits completely into a specially designed test cylinder 2.25 inches long by 1.25 inches wide that approximates the size of the fully expanded throat of a child under three years old. (See figure). See 16 C.F.R. 1501.4 A small part can be:
If a small part fits completely into the cylinder, and the toy or product from which it came is intended for use by children under three, the toy or product is banned because the small part presents a choking hazard.
Small Parts Test FixtureHow can manufacturers determine what toys and other products are “intended for” use by children under 3 years?
Pull Tube 1 3 4 Cylinder LengthHow does a manufacturer decide whether a toy or other product is commonly recognized as being intended for use by children under 3?
Are any toys and products exempt from the small parts regulations?
What testing requirements for small parts must toys and products for children under three meet?Pull Tube 1 3 4 Cylinder Jeep Engine
These toys and products must not release pieces that fit completely into the small parts cylinder after impact, flexure, torque, tension and compression testing. These tests simulate the forces that toys and products can experience during normal use and abuse by children under 3. If these forces cause parts to break off that fit in the cylinder, those parts present a risk of choking, aspiration or ingestion to children under 3.
16 C.F.R. 1500.51 contains test procedures and forces that simulate use and abuse by children 0-18 months of age. 16 C.F.R. 1500.52 contains test procedures and forces that simulate use and abuse by children 18-36 months of age.
Are there any other requirements intended to protect children under 3 from choking on small parts?
Yes. Toys and games that are or contain small parts as manufactured and that are intended for use by children from 3 to 6 years old must be labeled to warn purchasers not to buy them for children under 3 years old because those children could choke on the small parts. Marbles, small balls, and balloons also require similar warnings. See16 C.F.R. 1500.19
Pull Tube 1 3 4 Cylinder EngineDoes CPSC have any other guidelines or regulations that all products for children under three must meet?
Yes. Toys and children's products must not have hazardous sharp points (16 C.F.R. 1500.48) or edges (16 C.F.R 1500.49), have paint or any other similar surface coating that contains more than .009% lead (16 C.F.R. Part 1303), contain other hazardous chemicals (16 C.F.R.1500.3(a)(15)), or exceed flammability limits (16 C.F.R. 1500.44).
Which products and toys for children under three must meet additional regulations?
Pacifiers - 16 C.F.R. 1511
Rattles - 16 C.F.R. 1510
Cribs - 16 C.F.R. 1508, 1509
Infant Pillows, Cushions - 16 C.F.R. 1500.18(a)(16)
Baby Walkers, Bouncers, Jumpers - 16 C.F.R. 1500.18(a)(6)
Electrically Operated Toys - 16 C.F.R. 1505
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Dolls, Stuffed Toys and Other Products that may cause lacerations or punctures. - 16 C.F.R. 1500.18(a)(1), (2), (3)
Small Balls - 16 C.F.R. 1500.18(a)(17)
Do any other standards apply to products intended for use by children under three years of age?
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an organization that coordinates the development of voluntary industry standards that supplement mandatory standards. To obtain a copy of the Standard Consumer Safety Specification on Toy Safety (ASTM F-963) and other voluntary standards that cover specific children’s products, contact the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, telephone: (610) 832-9585, Fax (610) 832-9555, or visit http://www.astm.org.
Where can I get additional information?![]()
For more information on the requirements for small toy parts and children's products, contact the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:
This communication has been prepared for general informational purposes only. This summary document does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice nor does it replace or supersede a manufacturer’s obligations to comply with all applicable laws, regulations, standards, or bans enforced by CPSC. This communication has not been reviewed or approved by the Commission, and does not necessarily represent their views. Any views expressed in this communication may be changed or superseded by the Commission.
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